Beyond pastoralism: challenges and strategic solutions in Iranian sheep farming

Abstract

Sheep farming in Iran has a significant history. Literature cites Iran as one of the origins of sheep domestication. However, sheep farming has undergone changes in the past two decades, the origins of which have not been properly studied. Hence, this study examines the various challenges facing the Iranian sheep industry and proposes strategic solutions to promote the sustainable development of this industry. To address these issues, this research uses the Delphi method and gathers expert insights to identify key areas for improvement in the sheep farming industry. Recommendations focus on strengthening rangeland management, initiating genetic enhancement programs to improve livestock resilience, and further supporting farmers through education and resources. The proposed policy framework encourages the establishment of cooperatives that can empower farmers by pooling their resources and knowledge. In addition, it calls for supportive policies aimed at sustainable management of pasture and forage, as well as expanding training programs designed for sheep farmers. These strategies aim to strengthen the resilience and productivity of the Iranian sheep sector and ensure its adaptation to current challenges. Furthermore, this framework can serve as a reference model for other regions facing similar livestock management issues, emphasizing the potential for shared learning and collaboration in achieving sustainable agricultural practices. By addressing these challenges comprehensively, the achievement of this research is a significant contribution to the sustainability of the Iranian sheep industry while improving food security and rural livelihoods.