ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Acta Biochim. Pol.
Volume 72 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/abp.2025.14569
This article is part of the Special IssueBiological, Chemical and Physical Factors of Public HealthView all 3 articles
An analysis of epidemiological characteristics of microvascular complications and comorbidities among type 1 diabetes patients
Małgorzata Lewicka1Irmina Korzeniowska-Dyl2Dariusz Moczulski3Agnieszka Woźniak -Kosek4Magdalena Zawadzka1
Gabriela Anna Henrykowska1*- 1Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- 2Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrodiabetology, University Clinical Hospital No. 2 of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, Lodz, Poland
- 3Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrodiabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- 4Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Military Institute of Medicine- National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Purpose: Epidemiological analysis of medical data of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and disease complications treated in hospital. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on records from 306 patients with type 1 diabetes (180 men and 126 women). The study analyzed demographic, clinical, and biological data, focusing on associations between Hashimoto's disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy using kmeans clustering. Results: Hypertension was present in 28.8%, Hashimoto's disease in 17.6%, retinopathy in 17.6%, neuropathy in 8.2%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the chance of retinopathy more than doubles with the coexistence of hypertension (OR 2.096, 95% Cl: 1.035-4.248) and this chance increases by 4.5% with each year of age compared to the previous year (OR 1.045, 95% Cl: 1.011-1.080). The risk of neuropathy increases by 10.8% with each year since diabetes diagnosis compared to the previous year (OR=1.108, 95% Cl: 1.062-1.156) and the chance of this disease rises by 17.6% with each year of diabetes duration compared to the previous year (OR 1.176, 95% Cl: 1.092-1.267).Clustering was strongest in patients without comorbidities (66.3%). Only 2.3% had Hashimoto's disease and retinopathy, 3.59% had retinopathy and neuropathy, and just 1.3% had all three conditions. Conclusion: Patient age, duration of diabetes, and the presence of hypertension are key risk factors for diabetes-related complication.
Keywords: complications, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, type 1 diabetes, comorbidities. Abbreviations ACR, Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio, AIT, Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases, anti-GAD, Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase, BMI, body mass index, CGM, Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Received: 28 Feb 2025; Accepted: 06 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Lewicka, Korzeniowska-Dyl, Moczulski, Woźniak -Kosek, Zawadzka and Henrykowska. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Gabriela Anna Henrykowska, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.