Camel calf diseases, life-threatening challenges, and associated risk factors in Isiolo and Marsabit counties, Kenya

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Isiolo and Marsabit counties, Kenya to investigate the challenges associated with high camel calf mortality. Data were collected through focus group discussions and scheduled interviews. Milk pH levels ascertained subclinical mastitis. Statistical analysis was performed through recurring themes, comparing means, and multiple linear regressions. The null hypotheses for the coefficients were rejected at p<0.05 significance level.Gross camel calf mortality was 44.11%, with the most significant risk factors being predation, tick paralysis, and microbial diseases. Increasing the suckling period, the amount of milk consumed, and short deworming intervals were associated with reduced morbidity and mortality of microbial diseases (p<0.05). This is attributed to improved calf immunity. Subclinical mastitis was associated with a reduction in microbial diseases. Camel pox was positively associated with long intervals of external parasite control because it is tick-transmitted. The study recommends giving extension priority to calf rearing and implementing security measures to protect calves from predators. A longitudinal study is recommended to confirm if the associations identified are causing the disease morbidities and mortalities.