In the original article, there was a mistake in Table 1 as published. The order of the titles of the 2nd and 3rd columns have been reversed. The corrected form is that the title of the 2nd column is read as “EBC Conc.”, and that of the 3rd column as “Plasma Conc.”. The corrected column titles are marked with red font in the following Table.
TABLE 1
| Drug | EBC Conc. | Plasma Conc. | Analytical platform for EBC samples | LR1/LOD2 for EBC samples | Significant feature | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alprazolam | NR3 | 0.005–0.02 ppm | LC4–MS5 | 2–18/1 pg. filter1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Amikacin | (0.42–0.68) × 10−3 ppm | 1.91–2.81 ppm | HPLC6–MS/MS | 0.21–3,000/0.06 × 10−3 ppm | Quick and efficient | (43) |
| Amphetamine | NR3 | 0.02–0.15 ppm | LC–MS | 2–18/3 pg. filter1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Aspirin | 23.2–24.9 ppm | 150–300 ppm | Colorimetry | 10–250/4.1 ppm | High reliability | (41, 42) |
| Benzoylecgonine | NR3 | 0.018–0.14 ppm | LC–MS | 2–18/0.5 pg. filter−1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Buprenorphine | NR3 | 0.001–0.005 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/2.5 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Buprenorphine | NR3 | 0.001–0.005 ppm | LC–MS | 2–18/2 pg. filter−1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Carbamazepine | 0.3–0.5 ppm | 2–12 ppm | Spectroflourimetry | 0.2–20/0.08 ppm | Sensitive | (15, 40 |
| Cocaine | NR3 | 0.1–0.3 ppm | LC–MS | 2–18/2 pg. filter−1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Codeine | NR3 | 0.025–0.25 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.1 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Daclatasvir | 0.048–0.992 ppm | 0.052–0.852 ppm | Plasmon resonance | 0.01–1.0/0.008 ppm | Low LOD, low cost, sensitive | (44, 45) |
| Daclatasvir | NR3 | 0.052–0.852 ppm | Spectroflourimetry | 0.5–15 × 10−3/0.12 × 10−3 ppm | Simple, fast and sensitive | (46, 45) |
| Deferiprone | 0.06–0.17 ppm | 5–25 ppm | Spectroflourimetry | 0.06–1.50/0.06 ppm | Simple, low EBC volume | (21, 47) |
| Diazepam | NR3 | 0.2–2 ppm | LC–MS | 2–18/1 pg. filter−1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Doxorubicin | (48.9–203) × 10−3 ppm | 0.006–0.09 ppm | Spectrophotometric | 0.02–0.2/0.00416 ppm | Simple, sensitive and reliable | (24, 40) |
| 2-Ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine | NR3 | NR3 | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.01 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Fentanyl | NR3 | 0.005–0.3 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.05 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Hydromorphone | NR3 | 0.001–0.03 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/1 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Hydrocodone | NR3 | 0.01–0.1 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.5 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Lamotrigine | 0.592–0.771 ppm | 3–15 ppm | Spectrophotometric | NR3/0.005 ppm | Quick visual detection | (28, 40) |
| Lamotrigine | 0.55–1.19 ppm | 3–15 ppm | Spectroflourimetry | 0.05–2.0/0.011 ppm | Sensitive and fast | (48, 40) |
| Meperidine | NR3 | 0.1–0.8 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.05 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Meropenem | Not detectable | 25.5 ppm | UHPLCHR-MS | 21,168 pg. filter−1/NR3 | Non-invasive | (55, 56) |
| Methadone | NR3 | 0.05–0.5 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.5 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Methadone | 0.16–1.06 ppm | 0.05–0.5 ppm | Capillary electrophoresis | 0.15–5 ppm/0.15 ppm | Simple, sensitive and accurate | (16, 40) |
| Methadone | 23.6–275 pg.min−1 | 0.05–0.5 ppm | LC–MS–MS | 100–2000/3 pg/sample | Feasible | (12, 40) |
| Methadone | (0.34–1.31) × 10−3 ppm | 0.05–0.5 ppm | LC | 0.5–10 × 10−3/0.5 × 10−3 ppm | Simple and low cost | (23, 40) |
| Methadone | 0.7–0.48 ppm | 0.05–0.5 ppm | Capillary electrophoresis | 0.3–5/0.3 ppm | Simple and fast | (26, 40) |
| Methadone | NR3 | 0.05–0.5 ppm | LC–MS | 2–18/0.5 pg. filter−1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Methamphetamine | NR3 | 0.01–0.05 ppm | LC–MS | 2–18/1 pg. filter−1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Methotrexate | (45.4–140.8) × 10−3 ppm | 2.27 ppm | Spectrofluorimetry | 20–998.8 × 10−3/15.9 × 10−3 ppm | Simple, fast and accurate | (40, 49) |
| Metoprolol | NR3 | 0.02–0.5 ppm | Spectrofluorimetry | 5−100 × 10−3/2.1–3.4 × 10−3 ppm | Simple, low-cost | (40, 50) |
| 6-Acetyl morphine | NR3 | 0.015–0.10 ppm | LC–MS | 2–18/1 pg. filter−1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Morphine | NR3 | 0.01–0.15 ppm | LC–MS | 2–18/1 pg. filter−1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Morphine | (0.10–5.48) × 10−3 ppm | 0.01–0.15 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.1 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Morphine | (89–173) × 10−3 ppm | 0.01–0.15 ppm | GC7-MS | NR3/2.1 × 10−3 ppm | Repeatable and stable | (20, 40) |
| Naloxone | NR3 | 0.01–0.03 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.25 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Naltrexone | NR3 | 0.005–0.03 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.5 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Oxazepam | NR3 | 0.2–1.5 ppm | LC–MS | 2–18/1 pg. filter−1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Oxycodone | NR3 | 0.02–0.05 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.25 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Oxymorphone | NR3 | NR3 | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.75 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Oxymorphone | (29–82) × 10−3 ppm | NR3 | GC-MS | NR3/1.5 × 10−3 ppm | Repeatable, and stable | (20, 40) |
| Paracetamol | 1.12–4.68 ppm | 2.5–25 ppm | Colorimetry | 0.2–10.0/0.49 ppm | Specific and simple | (17, 40) |
| Phenobarbital | 0.21–1.65 ppm | 1–5 ppm | Spectrofluorimetry | 0.1–10.0/0.024 ppm | Feasible, efficient and simple | (40, 51) |
| Phenobarbital | 0.72–1.80 ppm | 1–5 ppm | Spectrofluorimetry | 0.01–8.0/0.006 ppm | Reliable and sensitive | (40, 52) |
| Phenytoin | 0.013–0.13 ppm | 5–20 ppm | Capillary electrophoresis | 0.001–0.10/0.001 ppm | Selectivity | (40, 53) |
| Piperacillin | 90 × 10−3 ppm | 5–20 ppm | Microfluidic sensor | NR3/56 × 10−3 ppm | Versatile and low LOD | (39, 40, 54) |
| Piperacillin | 45 pg | 5–20 ppm | UHPLCHR8-MS | 988–203,895/3,083 pg.filter−1 | Non-invasive | (55, 56) |
| Propranolol | 0.030 ppm | 0.02–0.3 ppm | LC-MS/MS | 5.6–224 × 10−3 ppm/NR3 | Simple, cheap and feasible | (31, 40) |
| Tazobactam | 90 × 10−3 ppm | 7.7–13.7 ppm | Microfluidic sensor | NR3/56 × 10−3 ppm | Versatile and low LOD | (39, 40, 54) |
| Tazobactam | 45 pg | 7.7–13.7 ppm | UHPLCHR8-MS | 988–203,895/3,083 pg. filter−1 | Non-invasive | (55, 56) |
| Tetrahydrocannabinol | NR3 | 0.001–0.007 ppm | LC–MS | 2–18/3 pg. filter1 | Sensitive | (30, 40) |
| Tobramycin | (13.7–32.2) × 10−3 ppm | 5–10 ppm | Colorimetry | 1.0–50.0 × 10−3/0.5 × 10−3 ppm | Repeatable and low LOD | (18, 40) |
| Tobramycin | (21.4–41.6) × 10−3 ppm | 5–10 ppm | UV spectroscopy | 1.0–50.0 × 10−3/(0.5 × 10−3 ppm | Sensitive | (13, 40) |
| Tobramycin | (2.4–17.0) × 10−6 ppm | 5–10 ppm | LC–MS | NR3 | Wide LR | (32, 40) |
| Tramadol HCl | NR3 | 0.1–1 ppm | LC-MS/MS | NR3/0.5 × 10−3 ppm | Non-invasive and useful | (14, 40) |
| Salbutamol | (32.2–645.0) × 10−6 ppm | <0.01–0.02 ppm | LC–MS | NR3 | Wide LR | (32, 40) |
| Salbutamol sulfate | (89–173) × 10−3 ppm | <0.01–0.02 ppm | GC-MS | 0.615–5/370 ppm | Wide LR and low LOD | (40, 57) |
| Valproic acid | (0.13–500) × 10−3 ppm | 40–100 ppm | GC-MS | 1.0–5.0 × 10−3/0.08 × 10−3 ppm | Repeatable, wide LR | (27, 40) |
| Vancomycin | 0.36–1.87 ppm | 5–40 ppm | Spectrofluorimetry | 0.1–8/0.06 ppm | Sensitive and low cost | (19, 40) |
| Verapamil | 0.059–0.067 ppm | 0.05–0.25 ppm | Spectrofluorimetry | 0.02–12.0/0.008 ppm | Suitable and accurate | (29, 40) |
An overview of drug concentrations in EBC and plasma samples, along with some details of the determination procedures.
LR1: Linear range; LOD2: Limit of detection; NR3: Not reported; LC4: Liquid chromatography; MS5: Mass spectrometry; HPLC6: High-performance liquid chromatography; GC7: Gas chromatography; UHPLCHR8: Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry.
The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.
Summary
Keywords
exhaled breath condensate, bioequivalence, pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, inhalers
Citation
Hashemzadeh N, Rahimpour E and Jouyban A (2023) Corrigendum: Applications of exhaled breath condensate analysis for drug monitoring and bioequivalence study of inhaled drugs. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci 26:12042. doi: 10.3389/jpps.2023.12042
Received
13 September 2023
Accepted
30 November 2023
Published
18 December 2023
Volume
26 - 2023
Edited by
Fakhreddin Jamali, Alberta Innovates–Health Solutions, Canada
Updates
Copyright
© 2023 Hashemzadeh, Rahimpour and Jouyban.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Abolghasem Jouyban, ajouyban@hotmail.com, jouyban@tbzmed.ac.ir
Disclaimer
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