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        <title>Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/journals/journal-of-pharmacy-pharmaceutical-sciences</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-04-19T22:17:42.322+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16294</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16294</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Ketamine enhancement of dexmedetomidine attenuation of methamphetamine-induced agitation in rats]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Madhuri Budamkayala</author><author>Jyostna Yalakala</author><author>Madison B. Skeen</author><author>Surya Karuturi</author><author>Chelsey McPhillen</author><author>Kristen Bailey</author><author>Todd H. Davies</author><author>Michael D. Hambuchen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Methamphetamine (METH)-induced agitation, a major concern in acute METH intoxication, is currently treated with benzodiazepines. Due to current polysubstance use patterns in METH consumption, this treatment may fatally exacerbate respiratory depression produced by opioid adulterants or intentionally co-administered opioids. We previously showed that the α2-agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX), which does not potentiate opioid-induced respiratory depression in clinical practice, can be safely and effectively co-administered with naloxone to attenuate METH-induced agitation following naloxone reversal in METH-fentanyl co-intoxicated rats. While the unique arousability of DEX-induced sedation is clinically useful, the current study tested the safety and efficacy of DEX and adjunctive ketamine (KET) in producing deeper, less arousable sedation when needed (i.e., for severe agitation or to facilitate an intricate procedure). Fifteen minutes after 1 mg/kg METH administration in male rats (simulating treatment of naloxone-unmasked agitation with a delay), low-dose (0.032 mg/kg) DEX ± (56 mg/kg) KET, high-dose (0.18 mg/kg) DEX, or saline was administered. Key measurements included METH-induced locomotor activity (a rat model of agitation), the rat coma scale (a quantification of arousability), and α2-agonist class side effects. Both high-dose DEX and DEX-KET almost completely attenuated METH-induced locomotor activity for 90 min after administration, but with the combination the sedation was deeper during the most intense METH-induced stimulation, and the α2-agonist side effects were less intense and of shorter duration. These data provide proof-of-concept support for the potential use of DEX-KET in producing deeper sedation in METH-induced agitation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16123</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16123</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Evaluation of hematocrit-adjusted conversion strategies for mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus monitoring using volumetric absorptive microsampling in lung and renal transplant recipients]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Liang Juan</author><author>Chih-Ning Cheng</author><author>Wen-Chi Chang</author><author>Huai-Hsuan Chiu</author><author>Chao-Wen Lu</author><author>Hsao-Hsun Hsu</author><author>Ching-Hua Kuo</author><author>Yu-Ju Tseng</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectivesMycophenolic acid (MPA) and tacrolimus (TAC) exhibit substantial pharmacokinetic variability, and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) offers a minimally invasive alternative for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). This study aimed to develop a VAMS-based method for MPA and TAC quantifications and systematically evaluate hematocrit (Hct)-adjusted conversion strategies.MethodsAdult transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolate sodium were prospectively enrolled. Paired plasma (MPA), whole-blood (TAC), and VAMS samples were analyzed using validated LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous MPA and TAC quantification. Multiple Hct-adjusted conversion approaches for MPA were compared using Passing-Bablok regression, Bland-Altman analysis, and predictive performance metrics. Clinical applicability was assessed through scenario-based AUC estimation MPA AUC estimations under different sampling schemes.ResultsLC-MS/MS method for quantifying MPA and TAC in VAMS exhibited good linearity (R2 > 0.99) and accuracy within 85–115% across validation ranges (10–20,000 ng/mL for MPA; 0.5–500 ng/mL for TAC). Formula A-ind [(VAMS/1 – individual Hct) x fbpp], where fbpp represents the MPA protein binding fraction (0.97), achieved clinical agreement in 86% of samples for the conversion of MPA concentrations between VAMS and plasma, representing the most balanced between predictive reliability and operational feasibility. TAC concentrations from VAMS correlated strongly with whole blood values without requiring Hct correction. Clinical case applications showed that rich eight-point VAMS sampling enabled more accurate AUC estimations than conventional three-point schemes, further highlighting the advantages of using VAMS for MPA TDM.ConclusionThis validated VAMS-based approach offers a minimally invasive and clinically applicable alternative to venous sampling for MPA and TAC monitoring. Incorporating individualized Hct adjustments improves predictive performance, supporting conditional integration of VAMS into routine TDM.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16155</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16155</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integrative deep learning strategies to enhance early-stage drug discovery: optimizing computational structure–activity modeling for pharmacotherapeutic innovation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sarah Rezazi</author><author>Cherif Si-Moussa</author><author>Salah Hanini</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The integration of computational intelligence into therapeutic development is increasingly important for accelerating early-stage drug discovery and improving compound prioritization. In this study, we developed an optimized neural network–based predictive framework to support the identification of bioactive compounds with analgesic potential. A dataset of 532 structurally diverse molecules described by 227 molecular descriptors was analyzed, and a stepwise feature elimination procedure reduced the descriptor set to 105 informative variables, improving model robustness and reducing redundancy. The optimized artificial neural network, trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, achieved a correlation coefficient of 95.9% with a prediction error of 0.433%, outperforming conventional statistical approaches reported for comparable QSAR tasks. Additional analysis links key descriptor groups, including connectivity and polarity parameters, to physicochemical properties relevant to analgesic activity, improving interpretability for medicinal chemistry applications. The framework is intended to support computational screening and candidate prioritization prior to experimental validation, thereby contributing to more efficient pharmacotherapeutic discovery workflows. This work highlights how data-driven modeling can complement translational strategies aimed at accelerating drug discovery pipelines.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15679</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15679</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Career commitment and professional satisfaction among Romanian pharmacy graduates: a nationwide cross-sectional survey]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Marius Călin Cherecheş</author><author>Aura Rusu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionProfessional satisfaction is a key determinant of career commitment and workforce sustainability and retention in the pharmacy sector. The study examines professional satisfaction among Romanian pharmacy graduates by analysing hygiene factors, intrinsic motivators, and perceptions of pay equity, assessing sector-based differences and exploring associations between these dimensions and long-term career commitment.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 473 pharmacy graduates (2009–2023). Professional satisfaction was evaluated using 13 structured items from a questionnaire that covered hygiene factors, intrinsic motivators, and perceptions of pay equity. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s α. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and chi-square tests were applied.ResultsThe Hygiene Index (α = 0.67; M = 3.28, SD = 0.76) and Motivators Index (α = 0.80; M = 3.22, SD = 0.86) reflected moderate satisfaction. The Pay-Equity Index showed very low scores (α = 0.77; M = 1.86, SD = 0.70). Salary satisfaction (M = 2.22, SD = 1.23) and expectations for future salary increases (M = 2.21, SD = 1.06) were rated as the lowest. Over 80% perceived their income as “much lower” than that of physicians or dentists. Only 7% stated they would “definitely” choose pharmacy again, while 46% responded “definitely not,” and over 70% expressed some degree of non-recommitment. Community pharmacists consistently reported lower satisfaction across indices compared to peers in industry or education.ConclusionRomanian pharmacists report moderate satisfaction with work conditions and collegiality, but widespread dissatisfaction with pay equity and career opportunities. Alarmingly, almost three-quarters of pharmacists said they would not choose pharmacy again, indicating a lack of professional commitment. The results raise substantial concerns about professional commitment and suggest a risk to the long-term sustainability of the Romanian pharmacy workforce. Urgent policy interventions are needed to address salary disparities, improve recognition, and expand career development pathways to retain qualified professionals and ensure the resilience of pharmaceutical services.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16236</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16236</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Volume 2: real world evidence (RWE): paths to enhancing patient access to new medications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Special Issue Editorial</category>
        <author>Allison Wills</author><author>Catherine Y. Lau</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15714</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15714</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Rethinking asthma therapy, part 2: transdermal strategies for adjunct asthma and allergy treatments]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Joseph Correa</author><author>Nicole K. Brogden</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Asthma and allergies affect millions of people globally. Avoiding triggers and allergens is a basic management technique for all asthma subtypes (>80% of asthma patients also suffer from allergies), and pharmacological treatment is the cornerstone for acute exacerbations and ongoing maintenance. Typical treatment options for asthma include inhaled, oral, or injectable dosage forms. However, transdermal drug delivery has great potential to provide an alternative route of administration of necessary asthma and allergy therapies that have traditionally been given in other dosage forms. In Part 1 of this two-part series, we discussed the work done towards incorporating short- and long-acting β2-agonists into transdermal drug delivery systems. Here in part 2, we describe the current literature for transdermal applications of leukotriene antagonists, theophylline, and other adjunct medications that do not fall into one specific drug class. A brief overview of biologics, particularly monoclonal antibodies, and the role in asthma is also included, including some context of transdermal mAb delivery for disease states beyond asthma. Because of the relatedness of asthma and allergies, transdermal applications for allergen immunotherapy is also discussed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15713</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15713</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Rethinking asthma therapy, part 1: transdermal delivery of β2-agonists]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Joseph Correa</author><author>Nicole K. Brogden</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Asthma and allergies are closely related conditions affecting millions of people around the world. Current treatment options cover many classes of drugs for both acute and ongoing conditions. β2-agonists, leukotriene modifiers, and corticosteroids represent some of the common types of drugs utilized in asthma management. These medications are often delivered via inhalation, oral, or parenteral methods, but each of these modalities faces challenges due to improper technique with inhalers, lessened oral bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism, and reduced compliance of injectable medicines. Transdermal drug delivery may offer a beneficial route of administration that overcomes these barriers as a painless, self-administered form that bypasses first-pass metabolism and can reduce dosing frequency with longer drug release profiles and reduced fluctuations in plasma drug levels. In this two-part mini-review series we will summarize the current literature on transdermal systems for asthma and allergy therapy. Here in Part 1, we cover β2-agonists and discuss the potential of transdermal systems for these drugs. While the body of work with transdermal β2-agonists for asthma treatment is limited, there is still evidence that transdermal systems for asthma has potential to greatly shift the field of asthma therapeutics.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15563</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15563</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Corrigendum: Optimized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®: boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized CYP enzyme interference]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Sunbeom Kwon</author><author>Suji Jeong</author><author>Seulah Lee</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15721</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15721</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The effect of cryoprotectant and storage conditions on the aggregation of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(α-benzyl carboxylate-ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nasim Sarrami</author><author>Soheyla Honary</author><author>Mohammad Reza Vakili</author><author>Afsaneh Lavasanifar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe preparation of nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous media leads to thermodynamic instability and aggregation during storage. The objective of this study was to identify an optimum condition for the storage of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(α-benzyl carboxylate-ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PBCL) NPs with minimum to no NP aggregation.MethodsNanoparticles were prepared from PEG-PBCL of varied PBCL degrees of polymerization. Prepared NPs were either subjected to freeze-thaw or lyophilization with the addition of sugars or polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of varying molecular weight. The average diameter and polydispersity of NPs before and after freeze-thaw or lyophilization/reconstitution in water was assessed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to compare the thermal behaviour of NPs before and after selected storage conditions.ResultsIrrespective of the DP of PBCL, minimum size growth in the freeze-drying method was achieved when PEG3350 and methoxy-PEG 5000 were used as cryoprotectant at a w/w ratio of 4:1 to PEG-PBCL. Under this condition, NP size increased about 2-fold after reconstitution. In the freeze-thaw method, both sucrose and PEGs of different molecular weights, protected the PEG-PBCL NPs of different PBCL length from significant size growth where average particle size growth was not more than 1.20 folds.ConclusionOur findings suggest that freeze-thawing of PEG-PBCL NP using sucrose or PEG can prevent the NP aggregation and is the best method for PEG-PBCL NP storage.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15403</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15403</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Targeted therapy and biomarker-guided applications of ecofriendly silver nanoparticles in precision oncology]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Haider Hamzah</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (eco-AgNPs) represent a promising convergence of green nanotechnology and precision medicine for cancer treatment. This minireview examines the therapeutic potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through eco-friendly methods using plant extracts and microorganisms. These eco-friendly AgNPs demonstrate enhanced biocompatibility and selective cytotoxicity against malignant cells. These nanoparticles target cancer through multiple mechanisms including reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle disruption. Selectivity is achieved through surface functionalization with targeting moieties such as antibodies and aptamers that recognize overexpressed tumor receptors. The integration of biomarker-guided design enables tumor-specific delivery by exploiting unique metabolic signatures and cellular markers characteristic of different cancer types. Furthermore, AgNP-based theranostic platforms offer simultaneous diagnostic imaging and therapeutic intervention, providing real-time assessment of treatment response and enabling personalized dosing strategies. However, clinical translation faces significant challenges including potential long-term toxicity, standardization of synthesis protocols, and regulatory approval pathways. Successful clinical implementation will require interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize nanoparticle design, establish safety profiles, and develop combination therapies that maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing side effects. Eco-AgNPs thus offer a transformative approach to cancer treatment that combines environmental sustainability with precision targeting capabilities.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15678</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15678</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Real-world safety profile of roflumilast: a pharmacovigilance analysis using FDA adverse event reporting system and Canada vigilance database]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Rui Xu</author><author>Hui Peng</author><author>Chang Shu</author><author>Maochang Liu</author><author>Ping Gao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundRoflumilast, a highly selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, is used to treat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and psoriasis. We aim to determine potential roflumilast-associated adverse events (AEs) and the differences in AE signals among diverse populations.MethodsRoflumilast’s AE reports between the first quarter of 2011 and the fourth quarter of 2024 were obtained from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and Canada Vigilance Adverse Reaction Database (CVARD). The signal strength was measured by four disproportionality analysis methods, including Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS).ResultsIn FAERS, population aged ≥65 years and oral medication users accounted for a predominant proportion in the reported cases. FDA-unlabeled respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders was the only one signal categorized by system organ class met all four algorithms. Newly identified AEs such as dyspnea, condition aggravated, cough, and tachycardia could contribute valuable safety considerations for clinical practice. The analysis of the available time-to-onset data suggested that cases often occurred within the first 30 days post-treatment. These results were externally validated in CVARD, suggesting consistent findings. Notably, headache was more frequently reported among users of topical formulations and female patients, while suicidal ideation and weight loss were more commonly reported in male patients and oral medications, respectively.ConclusionThis study confirmed established adverse reactions and identified novel AEs in real-world clinical practice by dual-database pharmacovigilance analysis. Clinicians should remain vigilant for AEs that differ by gender and route to enable early intervention and improve prognosis. The findings highlight personalized safety management, while underscoring the necessity of prospective studies to validate results and further characterize roflumilast’s safety profile.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15597</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15597</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Refined pharmacovigilance assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitors-related bullous pemphigoid: a multi-methodological approach utilizing FAERS database]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yan Wang</author><author>Liu-Yi-Yi Yang</author><author>Ya-Gang Zuo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectivesTo evaluate the potential risk of bullous pemphigoid (BP) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and to characterize ICI-related BP (irBP) using the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.MethodsThe present study conducted a disproportionality analysis leveraging FAERS database, spanning the first quarter (Q1) of 2004–2025 Q1. To ensure robust signal detection, we employed a quadruple analytical approach incorporating: (1) reporting odds ratio (ROR), (2) proportional reporting ratio, (3) Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and (4) multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker algorithms. These methodologies were systematically applied to assess the potential risk of BP in patients treated with ICIs. Furthermore, temporal characteristics of adverse event emergence were quantitatively assessed to delineate the time-to-onset patterns.ResultsThere are 850 irBP cases identified, comprising reports associated with the following agents: nivolumab (n = 530), pembrolizumab (n = 180), ipilimumab (n = 44), atezolizumab (n = 40), cemiplimab (n = 24), durvalumab (n = 19), tislelizumab (n = 10), and avelumab (n = 3). Affected patients were predominantly males (67.8%) and over 60 years of age (70.1%). All eight ICIs showed positive disproportionality signals, with ROR values ranked descendingly as: cemiplimab > nivolumab > tislelizumab > pembrolizumab > ipilimumab > durvalumab > atezolizumab > avelumab. The median time of irBP onset was 165.2 (IQR: 56–410) days.ConclusionThe study establishes a significant link between ICIs and BP. All ICIs increase BP risk. CTLA-4 inhibitors exhibited the most marked early risk concentration, highlighting the importance of early dermatologic evaluation after initiating CTLA-4 blockade.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15525</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15525</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Enhancement of oral bioavailability of risedronate through xyloglucan rafts]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nader I. Namazi</author><author>Rawan Bafail</author><author>Abdulkareem Ali Alanezi</author><author>Afaf F. Almuqati</author><author>Mohammed Salem Alshammari</author><author>Majed A. Alghamdi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Bisphosphonates irritate the stomach and oesophagus and have a very limited absorption. The purpose of this study was to increase risedronate (RDN) oral bioavailability by causing a raft to form in the stomach. The creation of a raft prevents the irritation of the stomach and oesophagus caused by bisphosphonates. FTIR, TGA, and DSC were used to characterise the RDN, XLG, and the created formulation. In addition to a cell viability analysis utilising Caco-2 cells, the release of RDN was investigated in 0.1 N HCl, 0.5 N HCl, 1 N HCl, and simulated gastric fluid (SGF). For the pharmacokinetic investigation, the XR5 formulation and the Actonel® tablet were chosen as the test and reference formulations, respectively. Using a parallel design, twelve healthy albino rats were split into two groups, and blood samples were gathered for a whole day. RDN was distributed uniformly throughout the raft and demonstrated chemical stability by the FTIR. The formulation’s thermal stability was demonstrated by the TGA and DSC. At 20 min, the SGF showed a 99.97% RDN release. When compared to the RDN suspension, the pharmacokinetics revealed better RDN values from the XLG raft. The RDN from the recently developed XR5 has a better bioavailability than the Actonel® tablet.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15360</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15360</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Harnessing DNA polymerase beta defect enhances synthetic lethality and treatment response in gastric cancer cells: implication for immunotherapy]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Aashirwad Shahi</author><author>Shengyuan Zhao</author><author>Dawit Kidane</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Gastric cancer remains a highly prevalent and accounts for a notable proportion of global cancer mortality. Both Intrinsic and exogenous agents can exacerbate reactive oxygen species (ROS) related oxidized DNA base lesions and single stranded DNA breaks (SSBs). Base excision repair (BER) serves as the primary defense mechanism for repairing DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. DNA polymerase beta (Pol β) plays a critical role in BER and non-homologous end joining repair pathways. The Pol β is the first perform gap-filling DNA synthesis by its polymerase activity and then cleave a 5′-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (dRP) moiety via its dRP lyase activity. Furthermore, defect in POLB promotes genetic liability of the cancer cells for different targeted and synthetic lethality-based treatment strategies. In this review, we have provided a potential example to illustrate the mechanistic insight how PARP1 inhibitor (Olaparib) induces replication associated double strand breaks in POLB deficient cells and DNA mediated innate immune signal activation that likely enhances immune based therapy. Based on our previously published data and the current recent findings, POLB status of the patient likely provide genetic indicators to stratify gastric cancer patient. Overall, in this review article, we presented a new direction to highlight the opportunity to exploit POLB genetic defect in cancer cells to enhance treatment response and to explore synergistic effect to target gastric cancer cells that harbor aberrant DNA polymerase beta function with immune based therapeutic strategy.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15527</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15527</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy associated with azathioprine: first quantitative disproportionality analysis using the FDA adverse event reporting system]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yonghoon Kwon</author><author>Nai Lee</author><author>Yun Kim</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionAzathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressant approved for renal transplant rejection and rheumatoid arthritis. Recent FDA alerts have raised concerns about its link to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), a condition with serious maternal and fetal risks. This study used disproportionality analysis as a hypothesis-generating approach to evaluate the reporting association between AZA and ICP during pregnancy and to compare AZA with other drugs previously implicated in ICP.MethodsA retrospective pharmacovigilance study was conducted using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) reports from 1968 to Q2 2024. Disproportionality analysis was performed using reporting odds ratios (RORs), with statistical significance defined as a lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) >1 and at least three unique cases. Subgroup analyses were conducted by pregnancy status and underlying autoimmune indications, and comparative analyses were performed against drugs previously reported to induce ICP.ResultsAmong 35,576 AZA-related reports, 67 specifically documented ICP. A strong signal was detected for ICP ROR025 = 153.0; IC025 = 5.8; EBGM05 = 144.37), ranking among the highest AZA-associated adverse events. In pregnant women, ICP also showed a significant signal (ROR025 = 5.46; IC025 = 1.93; EBGM05 = 5.31). Subgroup analyses by indication revealed elevated risks in Crohn’s disease (ROR025 = 66.99; IC025 = 4.8; EBGM05 = 64.73), and Colitis ulcerative (ROR025 = 9.01; IC025 = 1.95; EBGM05 = 9.95). Comparative analyses demonstrated that AZA had a higher proportion of ICP cases than other drugs reported to induce ICP.ConclusionThis pharmacovigilance analysis identifies a disproportionality signal suggesting a possible association between AZA and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. These hypothesis-generating findings underscore the importance of cautious use and clinical vigilance when prescribing AZA to women of reproductive age.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15688</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15688</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Pharmacological increases in circulating ketones fail to alleviate the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy present in the Tafazzin knockdown mouse model of Barth syndrome]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Tanin Shafaati</author><author>Amanda A. Greenwell</author><author>Christina T. Saed</author><author>Seyed Amirhossein Tabatabaei Dakhili</author><author>Jordan S. F. Chan</author><author>Linyue Dong</author><author>Magnus J. Stenlund</author><author>Sally R. Ferrari</author><author>Ruth Han</author><author>Jennifer Kruger</author><author>Farah Eaton</author><author>Keshav Gopal</author><author>Sandra T. Davidge</author><author>Gavin Y. Oudit</author><author>John R. Ussher</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectiveMutations in the tafazzin gene lead to impaired remodeling of cardiolipin, thereby impairing mitochondrial function and causing Barth syndrome (BTHS), a rare X-linked genetic disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy. Previous studies in a mouse model of BTHS, secondary to knockdown of Tafazzin (TazKD mice), also observed perturbations in mitochondrial substrate metabolism and a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. BTHS may be characterized by increased cardiac ketone metabolism, as myocardial protein expression of the ketolytic enzyme, β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1), was markedly increased in TazKD mice. We therefore determined whether increasing ketone supply in TazKD mice may have therapeutic utility against their cardiac abnormalities.MethodsWe treated TazKD mice and their wild-type littermates with either the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (10 mg/kg), or a ketone ester (KE; 1719 mg/kg) once daily for 7-week, and performed ultrasound echocardiography to assess cardiac structure and function.ResultsTreatment of TazKD mice with either empagliflozin or a KE increased circulating ketone levels. However, neither approach proved capable of alleviating the cardiac hypertrophy present in TazKD mice, as their increased left ventricular wall thickness and decreased left ventricular diameter remained comparable to that observed in vehicle control treated animals. We also observed that empagliflozin and KE treatment did not impact key markers of cardiac hypertrophy in TazKD mice.ConclusionIncreasing circulating ketone levels did not alleviate the cardiac hypertrophy in TazKD mice, suggesting that such an approach would not improve outcomes in BTHS.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15387</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15387</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Compounding and stability studies of liquid oral formulations of beta-blockers (bisoprolol, betaxolol, and nadolol) for paediatric patients]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Laura Dubois</author><author>Cyrielle Bouguergour</author><author>Romain Paoli-Lombardo</author><author>Caroline Castera-Ducros</author><author>Christophe Jean</author><author>Mélanie Fuchs</author><author>Patrice Vanelle</author><author>Pascal Rathelot</author><author>Thierry Terme</author><author>Christophe Curti</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In paediatric wards, bisoprolol, betaxolol, or nadolol can be administered orally at non-licensed dosages. To provide paediatric patients with appropriate treatment, batches of beta-blocker oral suspensions must be compounded, which involves subsequent stability studies. A stability-indicating HPLC-UV method and microbiological analyses were validated. Experimental batches were compounded (betaxolol hydrochloride 1 mg.mL−1, bisoprolol hemifumarate 0.5 mg.mL−1 and nadolol 10 mg.mL−1). Bisoprolol hemifumarate 0.5 mg.mL−1 and nadolol 10 mg.mL−1 needed the addition of citric acid (3 mg.mL−1) and potassium sorbate (3 mg.mL−1) to ensure preservative efficacy. Betaxolol hydrochloride 1 mg.mL−1 was stable for 2 months when stored at 2–8  °C, for 1 month after opening at 2–8 °C, and for 15 days when stored at 25 °C/60% RH. Bisoprolol hemifumarate 0.5 mg.mL−1 was stable for 2 months when stored at 2–8 °C, for 1 month after opening at 2–8 °C, and for 15 days when stored at 25 °C/60% RH. Nadolol 10 mg.mL−1 was stable for 3 months when stored at 2–8 °C, for 1 month after opening at 2–8 °C, and for 15 days when stored at 25 °C/60% RH. Hospital pharmacies can compound batches of beta-blocker liquid oral suspensions and store them for secure dispensing and administration.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15249</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15249</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Reuse of unused medications: a cross-sectional study on public willingness and influencing factors]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Faten Alhomoud</author><author>Sakinah Alalwyat</author><author>Lama Alanzi</author><author>Farah Kais Alhomoud</author><author>Sarah Khayyat</author><author>Khalid A. Alamer</author><author>Basmah Alfageh</author><author>Mohra Aladwani</author><author>Abdullah A. Alhifany</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Medication waste is a significant global concern with environmental, economic, and healthcare implications. In Saudi Arabia, approximately 25.8% of dispensed medications are wasted, resulting in an annual cost of $150 million. Re-dispensing unused medications has been proposed to reduce this waste; however, its feasibility depends on public acceptance, regulatory frameworks, and assurances of safety. This study aimed to assess the Saudi public’s willingness to accept re-dispensed medications returned unused to pharmacies and to identify factors influencing this willingness. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted online across Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire, adapted from a validated tool by McRae et al. McRae et al. (Pharmacy (Basel), 2021, 9(2): 77) and translated into Arabic, explored demographics, medication practices, storage and disposal, and attitudes towards medication waste and re-dispensing. The survey was distributed via social media. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29, including chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression. A total of 405 participants completed the survey, primarily female (64%) and aged 25–44 years (43%). About 64% reported having unused medications at home, most commonly stored in bedrooms (55.1%) and kitchens (53.6%). Disposal practices included keeping medicines for future use (62.5%), discarding them with household waste (45.7%), sharing them with others (21.5%), and returning unused medications to a pharmacy (8.4%). Approximately 60% were willing to accept re-dispensed tablets and 55% capsules, whereas fewer accepted other dosage forms. Key factors influencing acceptance included pharmacist verification of quality and integrity (79.3%), informed consent (77.3%), expiry dates (77%), and intact packaging (74.8%). Most participants (68.1%) indicated they would return unused medicines if a re-dispensing program were implemented, and half (50.6%) believed all medications, not only expensive ones, should be considered. Significant predictors of willingness included age (P < 0.001), employment status (P = 0.004), regular prescription use (P = 0.046), and concern about waste (P < 0.001). Younger participants showed higher acceptance, while employed individuals, retirees, and regular medication users were more hesitant. The findings indicate cautious yet notable public support for medication re-dispensing in Saudi Arabia, particularly for oral solid dosage forms, provided rigorous safety measures are assured. Policymakers should consider these insights to guide initiatives aimed at reducing medication waste.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.14880</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.14880</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Hypoglycemia and associated cardiovascular diseases, morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in university teaching hospitals in Rwanda]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jean Baptiste Nyandwi</author><author>Pierre Celestin Munezero</author><author>Charles Uwambajimana</author><author>Gift Crucifix Pender</author><author>Jonathan Katandula</author><author>Théoneste Umumararungu</author><author>Jean Paul Sinumvayo</author><author>Ibrahim Eleha Suleiman</author><author>Tolessa Muleta Daba</author><author>Vedaste Kagisha</author><author>Marie Françoise Mukanyangezi</author><author>Ahmed Adebowale Adedeji</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundHypoglycemia is a common yet underrecognized complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often linked with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical importance, there is a limited data on the association between hypoglycemia, CV events, and mortality among T2DM patients in Rwanda. This study investigated the occurrence of hypoglycemia and its association with CV diseases, morbidity, and mortality in T2DM patients attending two university teaching hospitals in Rwanda.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using secondary data from 267 T2DM patients attending Kigali University Teaching Hospital (CHUK) and Butare University Teaching Hospital between 2015 and 2020. Socio-demographic and clinical data, including anti-diabetic medications, hypoglycemia episodes, CV events, and comorbidities, were extracted from medical records and analyzed using Python. Binary regression was used to determine significant predictors of hypoglycemia.ResultsHypoglycemia occurred in 112 (41.9%) patients during their hospitalization or hospital admissions. The use of insulin was significantly associated with hypoglycemia (OR = 1.590, CI: 1.100–2.290, p = 0.010). The mean age of patients who experienced hypoglycemia is 54.2 (±12.1) years. Hypoglycemia occurrence was higher in males (59.8%) group compared to females (40.2%) (p = 0.007). Cardiovascular conditions were common (73.8%), with hypertension being the most prevalent (85.4%). Insulin was the most frequently used anti-diabetic therapy (42.3%). A significant association was found between hypoglycemia and subsequent CV complications. Management of hypoglycemia predominantly involved the use of 50% dextrose solution.ConclusionHypoglycemia is a frequent and clinically significant occurrence among T2DM patients in Rwanda, particularly associated with insulin therapy and CV comorbidities. Enhanced clinical monitoring and individualized treatment regimens are essential to mitigate hypoglycemia-related complications and reduce mortality. It is important to conduct a larger studies to support the evidence based findings and address the current methodological constraints.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15310</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15310</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Standard formulas and individualised parenteral nutrition preparations in very low birth weight infants]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-11-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Laurie Dez</author><author>Stéphane Haÿs</author><author>Gilles Leboucher</author><author>Romain Garreau</author><author>Jean-Charles Picaud</author><author>Thomas Briot</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Background/objectivesOptimal nutrition in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is associated with improved clinical outcomes. When parenteral nutrition (PN) with a marketing authorisation is not appropriate, hospital pharmacies can prepare more suitable PN preparation. This corresponds to standard preparations (i.e., available at any time with a fixed composition) or individualised ones (i.e., available after a period of prescription, preparation, and pharmaceutical control). In France, 12 standard formulas to be compounded were proposed by a national consortium in 2018. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether individualised PN preparations ordered in our hospital are substitutable by one of the 12 standard formulas.MethodsAll PN prescriptions for VLBW infants made in 2021 in our hospital were retrospectively extracted. For each prescription, the theoretical intakes that an infant would have received if a standard preparation had been administered were calculated. Standard and individualised preparations were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test for each component. Secondly, the relative difference between the expected intakes and effectively intakes was calculated for each component.Results/DiscussionOver the study period, 1708 prescriptions were identified (corresponding to 1708 PN individualised preparations). Most infants were extremely low birth weight infants. Based on the methods of comparison, none of the 12 standard formulas fitted with targeted intakes achieved with individualised PN preparations ordered, whereas prescriptions did fit with international guidelines.ConclusionThe study highlights how it is difficult to establish nationally standard PN formulas for VLBW infants; the development of local standard formulas seems therefore relevant.]]></description>
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