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        <title>Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/journals/journal-of-pharmacy-pharmaceutical-sciences</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-10T08:15:16.645+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16146</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16146</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence directed computational protein design: lessons from COVID-19 for pandemic-ready vaccines and antibody therapeutics]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Rahul Kaushik</author><author>Suyong Re</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence (AI) directed computational protein design has emerged as a transformative force in modern therapeutic discovery, reshaping how vaccines and antibody-based interventions are conceived, optimized, and deployed against emerging infectious diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic served as an unprecedented real-world stress test for these technologies, highlighting their potential to accelerate antigen design, guide antibody optimization, and anticipate viral evolution in near real time. AI driven approaches contributed to faster characterization of viral variants, supported vaccine and broadly neutralizing antibodies developments. Despite the significant contributions, the pandemic also revealed important limitations that must be addressed before such approaches can be relied upon as cornerstones of global preparedness. Challenges related to data bias, model interpretability, experimental validation bottlenecks, and integration with existing regulatory frameworks became increasingly apparent. In several cases, the gap between computational promise and translational readiness underscored the need for closer coupling between in silico design, laboratory experimentation, and clinical evaluation. Moreover, the rapid pace of AI innovation often outstripped established regulatory pathways, raising questions about standardization, validation, and long-term safety. This mini review provides a focused overview of recent advances in AI enabled computational protein design, with an emphasis on applications relevant to pandemic response. Drawing on lessons from COVID-19 case studies, it examines translational and regulatory considerations, highlights unresolved controversies, and identifies critical research gaps. Collectively, these insights outline a path toward transitioning AI designed vaccines and antibody therapeutics from reactive emergency tools into proactive, scalable infrastructures for future pandemic preparedness.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16026</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16026</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Practical considerations for managing patients being treated with topical roflumilast]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Sameh Hanna</author><author>Ahmad Chehade</author><author>Christina Han</author><author>Susan Poelman</author><author>Ravina Sanghera</author><author>Carolyn Whiskin</author><author>Aaron Sihota</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Topical roflumilast, available in 0.3% cream, 0.15% cream, and 0.3% foam formulations, is a novel, highly potent phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor that was recently approved in Canada for the treatment of plaque psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis, respectively. Topical formulations were shown in clinical trials to significantly improve disease symptoms with excellent tolerability and minimal adverse events. An oral form of roflumilast has also been approved in Canada since 2010 for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The product monograph for topical roflumilast currently references a substantial amount of safety information specific to the oral formulation due to a lack of long-term safety data. Furthermore, no formal drug-drug interaction studies have been conducted with topical roflumilast, nor in special populations in whom oral roflumilast is contraindicated. Due to the impact that the route of administration has on the pharmacokinetic profile of a drug and its subsequent ability to produce undesirable or toxic effects, this presents a challenge for pharmacists who are tasked with determining how to best interpret and communicate this safety information to patients. This paper reviews the safety information contained within the product monograph for topical roflumilast in the context of the pharmacokinetic differences between the topical and oral formulations. The impact of the route of administration on adverse effect risk, drug-drug interactions, and contraindications is highlighted, and practical guidance is provided to assist pharmacists in interpreting and applying this information in practice.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15609</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15609</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Qualitative phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activity, and development of a water-in-oil cream containing combined oil and water infusions of frankincense resin (Boswellia spp.): a preliminary in vitro study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Shamama Javed</author><author>Ahmad Salawi</author><author>Sivakumar S. Moni</author><author>Waquar Ahsan</author><author>Gulrana Khuwaja</author><author>Md Shamsher Alam</author><author>Durgaramani Sivadasan</author><author>Aamena Jabeen</author><author>Maram Yahya Aziabi</author><author>Hind Mohammed Suwaydi</author><author>Taif Eassa M. Alajam</author><author>Amwaj Yahya Marwai Nammazi</author><author>Nourah Mohammed Ahmed Kadumi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundFrankincense (gum olibanum, Boswellia spp.) is an oleo-gum resin widely used in traditional medicine and cosmetics owing to the presence of volatile oils and pentacyclic triterpenic acids (boswellic acids) with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to extract and characterize oil- and water-soluble fractions of frankincense resin, evaluate their antioxidant potential, and incorporate them into a stable water-in-oil (w/o) nourishing/antiaging cream.MethodsFrankincense resin was ground and macerated separately in sweet almond oil and Madinah rosewater to yield oil and water infusions, respectively. Qualitative phytochemical tests and FT-IR spectroscopy were employed for the characterization of both extracts and final formulations. Antioxidant potential was assessed using the DPPH assay followed by the development of a w/o cream (beeswax:almond oil:rosewater base) using combined infusions, which was evaluated for pH, viscosity, phase separation, spreadability, and thermal stability.ResultsPhytochemical screening showed presence of triterpenoids and boswellic type functionalities predominantly in the oil infusion, whereas saponins and minor alkaloids were detected in the water infusion. In the DPPH assay, significant free radical scavenging activity was observed as sample 2 showed 71% inhibition at 343.46 ± 34.2 μg/mL. The developed cream formulation showed good physical stability, acceptable pH and shear-thinning rheology.ConclusionA stable, all-natural w/o cream formulation was developed incorporating combined oil- and water-soluble frankincense infusions. Future studies are warranted to perform quantitative chemical analysis, in vitro skin permeation, and formal skin safety testing to ensure uninform active content, good bioavailability and tolerability prior to clinical studies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16294</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16294</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Ketamine enhancement of dexmedetomidine attenuation of methamphetamine-induced agitation in rats]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Madhuri Budamkayala</author><author>Jyostna Yalakala</author><author>Madison B. Skeen</author><author>Surya Karuturi</author><author>Chelsey McPhillen</author><author>Kristen Bailey</author><author>Todd H. Davies</author><author>Michael D. Hambuchen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Methamphetamine (METH)-induced agitation, a major concern in acute METH intoxication, is currently treated with benzodiazepines. Due to current polysubstance use patterns in METH consumption, this treatment may fatally exacerbate respiratory depression produced by opioid adulterants or intentionally co-administered opioids. We previously showed that the α2-agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX), which does not potentiate opioid-induced respiratory depression in clinical practice, can be safely and effectively co-administered with naloxone to attenuate METH-induced agitation following naloxone reversal in METH-fentanyl co-intoxicated rats. While the unique arousability of DEX-induced sedation is clinically useful, the current study tested the safety and efficacy of DEX and adjunctive ketamine (KET) in producing deeper, less arousable sedation when needed (i.e., for severe agitation or to facilitate an intricate procedure). Fifteen minutes after 1 mg/kg METH administration in male rats (simulating treatment of naloxone-unmasked agitation with a delay), low-dose (0.032 mg/kg) DEX ± (56 mg/kg) KET, high-dose (0.18 mg/kg) DEX, or saline was administered. Key measurements included METH-induced locomotor activity (a rat model of agitation), the rat coma scale (a quantification of arousability), and α2-agonist class side effects. Both high-dose DEX and DEX-KET almost completely attenuated METH-induced locomotor activity for 90 min after administration, but with the combination the sedation was deeper during the most intense METH-induced stimulation, and the α2-agonist side effects were less intense and of shorter duration. These data provide proof-of-concept support for the potential use of DEX-KET in producing deeper sedation in METH-induced agitation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16123</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16123</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Evaluation of hematocrit-adjusted conversion strategies for mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus monitoring using volumetric absorptive microsampling in lung and renal transplant recipients]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Liang Juan</author><author>Chih-Ning Cheng</author><author>Wen-Chi Chang</author><author>Huai-Hsuan Chiu</author><author>Chao-Wen Lu</author><author>Hsao-Hsun Hsu</author><author>Ching-Hua Kuo</author><author>Yu-Ju Tseng</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectivesMycophenolic acid (MPA) and tacrolimus (TAC) exhibit substantial pharmacokinetic variability, and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) offers a minimally invasive alternative for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). This study aimed to develop a VAMS-based method for MPA and TAC quantifications and systematically evaluate hematocrit (Hct)-adjusted conversion strategies.MethodsAdult transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolate sodium were prospectively enrolled. Paired plasma (MPA), whole-blood (TAC), and VAMS samples were analyzed using validated LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous MPA and TAC quantification. Multiple Hct-adjusted conversion approaches for MPA were compared using Passing-Bablok regression, Bland-Altman analysis, and predictive performance metrics. Clinical applicability was assessed through scenario-based AUC estimation MPA AUC estimations under different sampling schemes.ResultsLC-MS/MS method for quantifying MPA and TAC in VAMS exhibited good linearity (R2 > 0.99) and accuracy within 85–115% across validation ranges (10–20,000 ng/mL for MPA; 0.5–500 ng/mL for TAC). Formula A-ind [(VAMS/1 – individual Hct) x fbpp], where fbpp represents the MPA protein binding fraction (0.97), achieved clinical agreement in 86% of samples for the conversion of MPA concentrations between VAMS and plasma, representing the most balanced between predictive reliability and operational feasibility. TAC concentrations from VAMS correlated strongly with whole blood values without requiring Hct correction. Clinical case applications showed that rich eight-point VAMS sampling enabled more accurate AUC estimations than conventional three-point schemes, further highlighting the advantages of using VAMS for MPA TDM.ConclusionThis validated VAMS-based approach offers a minimally invasive and clinically applicable alternative to venous sampling for MPA and TAC monitoring. Incorporating individualized Hct adjustments improves predictive performance, supporting conditional integration of VAMS into routine TDM.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16155</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16155</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integrative deep learning strategies to enhance early-stage drug discovery: optimizing computational structure–activity modeling for pharmacotherapeutic innovation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sarah Rezazi</author><author>Cherif Si-Moussa</author><author>Salah Hanini</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The integration of computational intelligence into therapeutic development is increasingly important for accelerating early-stage drug discovery and improving compound prioritization. In this study, we developed an optimized neural network–based predictive framework to support the identification of bioactive compounds with analgesic potential. A dataset of 532 structurally diverse molecules described by 227 molecular descriptors was analyzed, and a stepwise feature elimination procedure reduced the descriptor set to 105 informative variables, improving model robustness and reducing redundancy. The optimized artificial neural network, trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, achieved a correlation coefficient of 95.9% with a prediction error of 0.433%, outperforming conventional statistical approaches reported for comparable QSAR tasks. Additional analysis links key descriptor groups, including connectivity and polarity parameters, to physicochemical properties relevant to analgesic activity, improving interpretability for medicinal chemistry applications. The framework is intended to support computational screening and candidate prioritization prior to experimental validation, thereby contributing to more efficient pharmacotherapeutic discovery workflows. This work highlights how data-driven modeling can complement translational strategies aimed at accelerating drug discovery pipelines.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15679</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15679</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Career commitment and professional satisfaction among Romanian pharmacy graduates: a nationwide cross-sectional survey]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Marius Călin Cherecheş</author><author>Aura Rusu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionProfessional satisfaction is a key determinant of career commitment and workforce sustainability and retention in the pharmacy sector. The study examines professional satisfaction among Romanian pharmacy graduates by analysing hygiene factors, intrinsic motivators, and perceptions of pay equity, assessing sector-based differences and exploring associations between these dimensions and long-term career commitment.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 473 pharmacy graduates (2009–2023). Professional satisfaction was evaluated using 13 structured items from a questionnaire that covered hygiene factors, intrinsic motivators, and perceptions of pay equity. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s α. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and chi-square tests were applied.ResultsThe Hygiene Index (α = 0.67; M = 3.28, SD = 0.76) and Motivators Index (α = 0.80; M = 3.22, SD = 0.86) reflected moderate satisfaction. The Pay-Equity Index showed very low scores (α = 0.77; M = 1.86, SD = 0.70). Salary satisfaction (M = 2.22, SD = 1.23) and expectations for future salary increases (M = 2.21, SD = 1.06) were rated as the lowest. Over 80% perceived their income as “much lower” than that of physicians or dentists. Only 7% stated they would “definitely” choose pharmacy again, while 46% responded “definitely not,” and over 70% expressed some degree of non-recommitment. Community pharmacists consistently reported lower satisfaction across indices compared to peers in industry or education.ConclusionRomanian pharmacists report moderate satisfaction with work conditions and collegiality, but widespread dissatisfaction with pay equity and career opportunities. Alarmingly, almost three-quarters of pharmacists said they would not choose pharmacy again, indicating a lack of professional commitment. The results raise substantial concerns about professional commitment and suggest a risk to the long-term sustainability of the Romanian pharmacy workforce. Urgent policy interventions are needed to address salary disparities, improve recognition, and expand career development pathways to retain qualified professionals and ensure the resilience of pharmaceutical services.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16236</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.16236</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Volume 2: real world evidence (RWE): paths to enhancing patient access to new medications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Special Issue Editorial</category>
        <author>Allison Wills</author><author>Catherine Y. Lau</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15714</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15714</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Rethinking asthma therapy, part 2: transdermal strategies for adjunct asthma and allergy treatments]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Joseph Correa</author><author>Nicole K. Brogden</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Asthma and allergies affect millions of people globally. Avoiding triggers and allergens is a basic management technique for all asthma subtypes (>80% of asthma patients also suffer from allergies), and pharmacological treatment is the cornerstone for acute exacerbations and ongoing maintenance. Typical treatment options for asthma include inhaled, oral, or injectable dosage forms. However, transdermal drug delivery has great potential to provide an alternative route of administration of necessary asthma and allergy therapies that have traditionally been given in other dosage forms. In Part 1 of this two-part series, we discussed the work done towards incorporating short- and long-acting β2-agonists into transdermal drug delivery systems. Here in part 2, we describe the current literature for transdermal applications of leukotriene antagonists, theophylline, and other adjunct medications that do not fall into one specific drug class. A brief overview of biologics, particularly monoclonal antibodies, and the role in asthma is also included, including some context of transdermal mAb delivery for disease states beyond asthma. Because of the relatedness of asthma and allergies, transdermal applications for allergen immunotherapy is also discussed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15713</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15713</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Rethinking asthma therapy, part 1: transdermal delivery of β2-agonists]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Joseph Correa</author><author>Nicole K. Brogden</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Asthma and allergies are closely related conditions affecting millions of people around the world. Current treatment options cover many classes of drugs for both acute and ongoing conditions. β2-agonists, leukotriene modifiers, and corticosteroids represent some of the common types of drugs utilized in asthma management. These medications are often delivered via inhalation, oral, or parenteral methods, but each of these modalities faces challenges due to improper technique with inhalers, lessened oral bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism, and reduced compliance of injectable medicines. Transdermal drug delivery may offer a beneficial route of administration that overcomes these barriers as a painless, self-administered form that bypasses first-pass metabolism and can reduce dosing frequency with longer drug release profiles and reduced fluctuations in plasma drug levels. In this two-part mini-review series we will summarize the current literature on transdermal systems for asthma and allergy therapy. Here in Part 1, we cover β2-agonists and discuss the potential of transdermal systems for these drugs. While the body of work with transdermal β2-agonists for asthma treatment is limited, there is still evidence that transdermal systems for asthma has potential to greatly shift the field of asthma therapeutics.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15563</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15563</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Corrigendum: Optimized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®: boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized CYP enzyme interference]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Sunbeom Kwon</author><author>Suji Jeong</author><author>Seulah Lee</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15721</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2026.15721</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The effect of cryoprotectant and storage conditions on the aggregation of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(α-benzyl carboxylate-ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nasim Sarrami</author><author>Soheyla Honary</author><author>Mohammad Reza Vakili</author><author>Afsaneh Lavasanifar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe preparation of nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous media leads to thermodynamic instability and aggregation during storage. The objective of this study was to identify an optimum condition for the storage of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(α-benzyl carboxylate-ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PBCL) NPs with minimum to no NP aggregation.MethodsNanoparticles were prepared from PEG-PBCL of varied PBCL degrees of polymerization. Prepared NPs were either subjected to freeze-thaw or lyophilization with the addition of sugars or polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of varying molecular weight. The average diameter and polydispersity of NPs before and after freeze-thaw or lyophilization/reconstitution in water was assessed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to compare the thermal behaviour of NPs before and after selected storage conditions.ResultsIrrespective of the DP of PBCL, minimum size growth in the freeze-drying method was achieved when PEG3350 and methoxy-PEG 5000 were used as cryoprotectant at a w/w ratio of 4:1 to PEG-PBCL. Under this condition, NP size increased about 2-fold after reconstitution. In the freeze-thaw method, both sucrose and PEGs of different molecular weights, protected the PEG-PBCL NPs of different PBCL length from significant size growth where average particle size growth was not more than 1.20 folds.ConclusionOur findings suggest that freeze-thawing of PEG-PBCL NP using sucrose or PEG can prevent the NP aggregation and is the best method for PEG-PBCL NP storage.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15403</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15403</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Targeted therapy and biomarker-guided applications of ecofriendly silver nanoparticles in precision oncology]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Haider Hamzah</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (eco-AgNPs) represent a promising convergence of green nanotechnology and precision medicine for cancer treatment. This minireview examines the therapeutic potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through eco-friendly methods using plant extracts and microorganisms. These eco-friendly AgNPs demonstrate enhanced biocompatibility and selective cytotoxicity against malignant cells. These nanoparticles target cancer through multiple mechanisms including reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle disruption. Selectivity is achieved through surface functionalization with targeting moieties such as antibodies and aptamers that recognize overexpressed tumor receptors. The integration of biomarker-guided design enables tumor-specific delivery by exploiting unique metabolic signatures and cellular markers characteristic of different cancer types. Furthermore, AgNP-based theranostic platforms offer simultaneous diagnostic imaging and therapeutic intervention, providing real-time assessment of treatment response and enabling personalized dosing strategies. However, clinical translation faces significant challenges including potential long-term toxicity, standardization of synthesis protocols, and regulatory approval pathways. Successful clinical implementation will require interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize nanoparticle design, establish safety profiles, and develop combination therapies that maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing side effects. Eco-AgNPs thus offer a transformative approach to cancer treatment that combines environmental sustainability with precision targeting capabilities.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15678</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15678</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Real-world safety profile of roflumilast: a pharmacovigilance analysis using FDA adverse event reporting system and Canada vigilance database]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Rui Xu</author><author>Hui Peng</author><author>Chang Shu</author><author>Maochang Liu</author><author>Ping Gao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundRoflumilast, a highly selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, is used to treat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and psoriasis. We aim to determine potential roflumilast-associated adverse events (AEs) and the differences in AE signals among diverse populations.MethodsRoflumilast’s AE reports between the first quarter of 2011 and the fourth quarter of 2024 were obtained from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and Canada Vigilance Adverse Reaction Database (CVARD). The signal strength was measured by four disproportionality analysis methods, including Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS).ResultsIn FAERS, population aged ≥65 years and oral medication users accounted for a predominant proportion in the reported cases. FDA-unlabeled respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders was the only one signal categorized by system organ class met all four algorithms. Newly identified AEs such as dyspnea, condition aggravated, cough, and tachycardia could contribute valuable safety considerations for clinical practice. The analysis of the available time-to-onset data suggested that cases often occurred within the first 30 days post-treatment. These results were externally validated in CVARD, suggesting consistent findings. Notably, headache was more frequently reported among users of topical formulations and female patients, while suicidal ideation and weight loss were more commonly reported in male patients and oral medications, respectively.ConclusionThis study confirmed established adverse reactions and identified novel AEs in real-world clinical practice by dual-database pharmacovigilance analysis. Clinicians should remain vigilant for AEs that differ by gender and route to enable early intervention and improve prognosis. The findings highlight personalized safety management, while underscoring the necessity of prospective studies to validate results and further characterize roflumilast’s safety profile.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15597</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15597</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Refined pharmacovigilance assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitors-related bullous pemphigoid: a multi-methodological approach utilizing FAERS database]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yan Wang</author><author>Liu-Yi-Yi Yang</author><author>Ya-Gang Zuo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectivesTo evaluate the potential risk of bullous pemphigoid (BP) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and to characterize ICI-related BP (irBP) using the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.MethodsThe present study conducted a disproportionality analysis leveraging FAERS database, spanning the first quarter (Q1) of 2004–2025 Q1. To ensure robust signal detection, we employed a quadruple analytical approach incorporating: (1) reporting odds ratio (ROR), (2) proportional reporting ratio, (3) Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and (4) multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker algorithms. These methodologies were systematically applied to assess the potential risk of BP in patients treated with ICIs. Furthermore, temporal characteristics of adverse event emergence were quantitatively assessed to delineate the time-to-onset patterns.ResultsThere are 850 irBP cases identified, comprising reports associated with the following agents: nivolumab (n = 530), pembrolizumab (n = 180), ipilimumab (n = 44), atezolizumab (n = 40), cemiplimab (n = 24), durvalumab (n = 19), tislelizumab (n = 10), and avelumab (n = 3). Affected patients were predominantly males (67.8%) and over 60 years of age (70.1%). All eight ICIs showed positive disproportionality signals, with ROR values ranked descendingly as: cemiplimab > nivolumab > tislelizumab > pembrolizumab > ipilimumab > durvalumab > atezolizumab > avelumab. The median time of irBP onset was 165.2 (IQR: 56–410) days.ConclusionThe study establishes a significant link between ICIs and BP. All ICIs increase BP risk. CTLA-4 inhibitors exhibited the most marked early risk concentration, highlighting the importance of early dermatologic evaluation after initiating CTLA-4 blockade.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15525</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15525</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Enhancement of oral bioavailability of risedronate through xyloglucan rafts]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nader I. Namazi</author><author>Rawan Bafail</author><author>Abdulkareem Ali Alanezi</author><author>Afaf F. Almuqati</author><author>Mohammed Salem Alshammari</author><author>Majed A. Alghamdi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Bisphosphonates irritate the stomach and oesophagus and have a very limited absorption. The purpose of this study was to increase risedronate (RDN) oral bioavailability by causing a raft to form in the stomach. The creation of a raft prevents the irritation of the stomach and oesophagus caused by bisphosphonates. FTIR, TGA, and DSC were used to characterise the RDN, XLG, and the created formulation. In addition to a cell viability analysis utilising Caco-2 cells, the release of RDN was investigated in 0.1 N HCl, 0.5 N HCl, 1 N HCl, and simulated gastric fluid (SGF). For the pharmacokinetic investigation, the XR5 formulation and the Actonel® tablet were chosen as the test and reference formulations, respectively. Using a parallel design, twelve healthy albino rats were split into two groups, and blood samples were gathered for a whole day. RDN was distributed uniformly throughout the raft and demonstrated chemical stability by the FTIR. The formulation’s thermal stability was demonstrated by the TGA and DSC. At 20 min, the SGF showed a 99.97% RDN release. When compared to the RDN suspension, the pharmacokinetics revealed better RDN values from the XLG raft. The RDN from the recently developed XR5 has a better bioavailability than the Actonel® tablet.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15360</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15360</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Harnessing DNA polymerase beta defect enhances synthetic lethality and treatment response in gastric cancer cells: implication for immunotherapy]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-06T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Aashirwad Shahi</author><author>Shengyuan Zhao</author><author>Dawit Kidane</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Gastric cancer remains a highly prevalent and accounts for a notable proportion of global cancer mortality. Both Intrinsic and exogenous agents can exacerbate reactive oxygen species (ROS) related oxidized DNA base lesions and single stranded DNA breaks (SSBs). Base excision repair (BER) serves as the primary defense mechanism for repairing DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. DNA polymerase beta (Pol β) plays a critical role in BER and non-homologous end joining repair pathways. The Pol β is the first perform gap-filling DNA synthesis by its polymerase activity and then cleave a 5′-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (dRP) moiety via its dRP lyase activity. Furthermore, defect in POLB promotes genetic liability of the cancer cells for different targeted and synthetic lethality-based treatment strategies. In this review, we have provided a potential example to illustrate the mechanistic insight how PARP1 inhibitor (Olaparib) induces replication associated double strand breaks in POLB deficient cells and DNA mediated innate immune signal activation that likely enhances immune based therapy. Based on our previously published data and the current recent findings, POLB status of the patient likely provide genetic indicators to stratify gastric cancer patient. Overall, in this review article, we presented a new direction to highlight the opportunity to exploit POLB genetic defect in cancer cells to enhance treatment response and to explore synergistic effect to target gastric cancer cells that harbor aberrant DNA polymerase beta function with immune based therapeutic strategy.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15527</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15527</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy associated with azathioprine: first quantitative disproportionality analysis using the FDA adverse event reporting system]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-16T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yonghoon Kwon</author><author>Nai Lee</author><author>Yun Kim</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionAzathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressant approved for renal transplant rejection and rheumatoid arthritis. Recent FDA alerts have raised concerns about its link to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), a condition with serious maternal and fetal risks. This study used disproportionality analysis as a hypothesis-generating approach to evaluate the reporting association between AZA and ICP during pregnancy and to compare AZA with other drugs previously implicated in ICP.MethodsA retrospective pharmacovigilance study was conducted using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) reports from 1968 to Q2 2024. Disproportionality analysis was performed using reporting odds ratios (RORs), with statistical significance defined as a lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) >1 and at least three unique cases. Subgroup analyses were conducted by pregnancy status and underlying autoimmune indications, and comparative analyses were performed against drugs previously reported to induce ICP.ResultsAmong 35,576 AZA-related reports, 67 specifically documented ICP. A strong signal was detected for ICP ROR025 = 153.0; IC025 = 5.8; EBGM05 = 144.37), ranking among the highest AZA-associated adverse events. In pregnant women, ICP also showed a significant signal (ROR025 = 5.46; IC025 = 1.93; EBGM05 = 5.31). Subgroup analyses by indication revealed elevated risks in Crohn’s disease (ROR025 = 66.99; IC025 = 4.8; EBGM05 = 64.73), and Colitis ulcerative (ROR025 = 9.01; IC025 = 1.95; EBGM05 = 9.95). Comparative analyses demonstrated that AZA had a higher proportion of ICP cases than other drugs reported to induce ICP.ConclusionThis pharmacovigilance analysis identifies a disproportionality signal suggesting a possible association between AZA and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. These hypothesis-generating findings underscore the importance of cautious use and clinical vigilance when prescribing AZA to women of reproductive age.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15688</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15688</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Pharmacological increases in circulating ketones fail to alleviate the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy present in the Tafazzin knockdown mouse model of Barth syndrome]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Tanin Shafaati</author><author>Amanda A. Greenwell</author><author>Christina T. Saed</author><author>Seyed Amirhossein Tabatabaei Dakhili</author><author>Jordan S. F. Chan</author><author>Linyue Dong</author><author>Magnus J. Stenlund</author><author>Sally R. Ferrari</author><author>Ruth Han</author><author>Jennifer Kruger</author><author>Farah Eaton</author><author>Keshav Gopal</author><author>Sandra T. Davidge</author><author>Gavin Y. Oudit</author><author>John R. Ussher</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectiveMutations in the tafazzin gene lead to impaired remodeling of cardiolipin, thereby impairing mitochondrial function and causing Barth syndrome (BTHS), a rare X-linked genetic disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy. Previous studies in a mouse model of BTHS, secondary to knockdown of Tafazzin (TazKD mice), also observed perturbations in mitochondrial substrate metabolism and a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. BTHS may be characterized by increased cardiac ketone metabolism, as myocardial protein expression of the ketolytic enzyme, β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1), was markedly increased in TazKD mice. We therefore determined whether increasing ketone supply in TazKD mice may have therapeutic utility against their cardiac abnormalities.MethodsWe treated TazKD mice and their wild-type littermates with either the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (10 mg/kg), or a ketone ester (KE; 1719 mg/kg) once daily for 7-week, and performed ultrasound echocardiography to assess cardiac structure and function.ResultsTreatment of TazKD mice with either empagliflozin or a KE increased circulating ketone levels. However, neither approach proved capable of alleviating the cardiac hypertrophy present in TazKD mice, as their increased left ventricular wall thickness and decreased left ventricular diameter remained comparable to that observed in vehicle control treated animals. We also observed that empagliflozin and KE treatment did not impact key markers of cardiac hypertrophy in TazKD mice.ConclusionIncreasing circulating ketone levels did not alleviate the cardiac hypertrophy in TazKD mice, suggesting that such an approach would not improve outcomes in BTHS.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15387</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.15387</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Compounding and stability studies of liquid oral formulations of beta-blockers (bisoprolol, betaxolol, and nadolol) for paediatric patients]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Laura Dubois</author><author>Cyrielle Bouguergour</author><author>Romain Paoli-Lombardo</author><author>Caroline Castera-Ducros</author><author>Christophe Jean</author><author>Mélanie Fuchs</author><author>Patrice Vanelle</author><author>Pascal Rathelot</author><author>Thierry Terme</author><author>Christophe Curti</author>
        <description><![CDATA[In paediatric wards, bisoprolol, betaxolol, or nadolol can be administered orally at non-licensed dosages. To provide paediatric patients with appropriate treatment, batches of beta-blocker oral suspensions must be compounded, which involves subsequent stability studies. A stability-indicating HPLC-UV method and microbiological analyses were validated. Experimental batches were compounded (betaxolol hydrochloride 1 mg.mL−1, bisoprolol hemifumarate 0.5 mg.mL−1 and nadolol 10 mg.mL−1). Bisoprolol hemifumarate 0.5 mg.mL−1 and nadolol 10 mg.mL−1 needed the addition of citric acid (3 mg.mL−1) and potassium sorbate (3 mg.mL−1) to ensure preservative efficacy. Betaxolol hydrochloride 1 mg.mL−1 was stable for 2 months when stored at 2–8  °C, for 1 month after opening at 2–8 °C, and for 15 days when stored at 25 °C/60% RH. Bisoprolol hemifumarate 0.5 mg.mL−1 was stable for 2 months when stored at 2–8 °C, for 1 month after opening at 2–8 °C, and for 15 days when stored at 25 °C/60% RH. Nadolol 10 mg.mL−1 was stable for 3 months when stored at 2–8 °C, for 1 month after opening at 2–8 °C, and for 15 days when stored at 25 °C/60% RH. Hospital pharmacies can compound batches of beta-blocker liquid oral suspensions and store them for secure dispensing and administration.]]></description>
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